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Question: Is endianness the order in which bytes are stored in memory?
Answer: True
Question: Which processor architecture is known for using Little Endian order?
  • Intel
  • Freescale
  • ARM
Answer: Intel
Question: __________ is the order in which the least significant byte is stored at the lowest address.
Answer: Little Endian
Question: Explain the difference between Big Endian and Little Endian.
Answer: Big Endian stores the most significant byte at the lowest address, while Little Endian stores the least significant byte at the lowest address.
Question: Is endianness important for understanding how data is stored in memory?
Answer: True
Question: Which ARM processor architecture uses Little Endian order?
  • Cortex M4
  • Cortex M0
  • Cortex A7
Answer: Cortex M4
Question: __________ stores the most-significant byte at the lowest address.
Answer: Big Endian
Question: Why is understanding endianness important in embedded systems?
Answer: Understanding endianness helps in correctly interpreting data stored in memory and communicating with other systems.
Question: Is endianness specific to a particular processor architecture?
Answer: True
Question: Which processor architecture is known for using Big Endian order?
  • ARM
  • Motorola
  • Intel
Answer: Motorola
Question: Is endian ordering important for embedded programmers and device driver programmers?
Answer: True
Question: What is the purpose of a Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) in cross-platform code?
  • To define the width of the data bus
  • To map IO onto main memory
  • To provide an abstraction for hardware-specific operations
Answer: To provide an abstraction for hardware-specific operations
Question: In embedded systems, the TEXT segment contains the program and ends up in __________ memory.
Answer: flash
Question: Explain the concept of memory fragmentation and how it can occur.
Answer: Memory fragmentation occurs when memory is allocated and deallocated in a non-contiguous manner, leading to inefficient use of memory space.
Question: Is the stack always FILO (First In Last Out)?
Answer: True
Question: Where are global variables typically stored in embedded systems?
  • Heap
  • Stack
  • Static memory allocations
Answer: Static memory allocations
Question: The BSS segment in embedded systems stands for 'Block Started by __________.'
Answer: Symbol
Question: Describe the potential risks associated with memory leaks in embedded systems.
Answer: Memory leaks can lead to inefficient memory usage, performance degradation, and even system crashes if not managed properly.
Question: Do local variables in a C function get stored on the stack?
Answer: True
Question: Which memory segment in embedded systems is used for explicitly initialized data?
  • BSS segment
  • DATA segment
  • Heap
Answer: DATA segment
Question: In ARM architecture, can library functions be called in an interrupt handler?
Answer: False
Question: What is the purpose of the LR register in ARM?
  • Stack pointer
  • Link register for subroutines
  • Program counter
Answer: Link register for subroutines
Question: ARM Procedure Call Standard dictates that the first four parameters are passed in registers ________.
Answer: R0-R3
Question: Explain the contract between the calling function and the called function in ARM.
Answer: The calling function expects R0 through R3 to be overwritten, while the called function must preserve any registers it uses above R3 and return them to their original state.
Question: ARM Basics: In the provided code snippet, is the instruction 'push {r4-r7, lr}' storing the values of registers r4 to r7 and link register lr onto the stack?
Answer: True
Question: ARM Registers: What is the main advantage of ARM having more registers compared to the 6808 processor?
  • Increased compatibility with legacy systems
  • Improved performance due to reduced register pressure and less frequent memory access
  • Simplified instruction set for easier programming
Answer: Improved performance due to reduced register pressure and less frequent memory access
Question: ARM Basics: Fill in the blank - In the provided code snippet, the instruction 'mov r0, #1' is __________ a value of 1 into register r0.
Answer: moving
Question: ARM Registers: Discuss whether having more registers in ARM architecture is a beneficial design choice compared to the 6808 processor.
Answer: Having more registers in ARM architecture allows for improved performance by reducing the need for frequent memory accesses, enabling faster execution of instructions and better utilization of available resources.
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